Case Study · Prebiotic Soda & the Food-vs-Supplement Flip

It’s labeled a supplement and sold as a soda. That flip turns the hero ingredient into an unapproved additive.

Regularity™ wears a Supplement Facts panel but is named, priced, and marketed as a drink-all-day soda — which makes it a conventional food. And in a food, the ashwagandha that is the whole brand promise isn’t a “dietary ingredient” — it’s an unapproved food additive, and the product is adulterated.

Regularity Black Cherry prebiotic soda can and Wildroot Focus Shot bottle on a kitchen counter
The line at the center of the file — a candy-bright prebiotic soda and an adaptogen focus shot, sold by the can and the 12-pack as everyday beverages.
Why we built this one

A file like this follows a pattern we know well. Not this company — Wildroot, its founder, its co-packer are invented — but the pattern: a buzzy better-for-you beverage brand that reached for the Supplement Facts panel because it lets the actives and the structure/function claims on, never asking whether the product is a supplement at all.

It isn’t. A soda you’re told to drink all day is a conventional food — and that one classification call, taken wrong at the formulation table, flips the rulebook: every added active becomes a food-additive question, and the hero ingredient fails it.

So we built the case, because the lesson is worth more than the recall it usually arrives with — the kind you can’t relabel your way out of.

— Regulatory Options
Read this if it sounds like your operation
  • You put a Supplement Facts panel on something named and sold like a beverage.
  • You cleared your actives on a dietary-supplement or self-affirmed-GRAS basis.
  • You add caffeine, adaptogens, or amino acids to a sweetened drink.
  • Your co-packer ran your thermal process off a prior product’s recipe, with no process authority.

If two or more are true, this case is describing your operation, not a stranger’s.

The file, as it arrived

Every record behind the brand — the ingredient GRAS-basis memo, the marketing site, the thermal-process batch record, the finished-product spec and COA. Each one, read on its own, looks like a careful beverage launch.

A product like this fails at the food-vs-supplement line, never inside one panel. Open the file and read what you’d catch — then see what we found, just below.

What the records showed, together

No single page is alarming — read apart, each record looks like a clean beverage program. Read together, the same file resolves into four threads, all turning on one call taken wrong: which rulebook the product lives under.

A conventional beverage, on the wrong rulebook.

By FDA’s own representation factors, this is a conventional food — so it can’t ride DSHEA, and the panel and disclaimer it carries are the wrong ones.

Named “soda,” positioned to “drink all day,” sold by the can and 12-pack — a conventional beverage by FDA’s representation/marketing factors, so it is not a dietary supplement and can’t use DSHEA. · FD&C §201(ff)(2)(B) · 2014 beverage guidance
It bears a Supplement Facts panel — a conventional food must carry Nutrition Facts, not Supplement Facts. · 21 CFR 101.9 / 101.36
It prints the DSHEA “not evaluated by the FDA” disclaimer on a conventional food, where it doesn’t apply — itself a tell of the misclassification. · 21 CFR 101.93
Testimonials claim it “replaced the fiber supplement for my IBS” and “keeps my anxiety in check” — disease claims that establish a drug intended use on top of the food. · FD&C §201(g) · FTC Act §5

The flip turns the hero ingredient into an unapproved additive.

As a food, every added active is a food-additive question — and the ingredients the brand is built on were cleared on a supplement basis that doesn’t reach a food.

Ashwagandha root extract is not GRAS and not an approved additive for a conventional beverage — as a food it’s an unapproved food additive, making the product adulterated. · FD&C §409 · §402(a)(2)(C)
Rhodiola and added L-theanine are likewise not GRAS for conventional food — the “old dietary ingredient” basis is a supplement concept that doesn’t apply. · §409 · §402(a)(2)(C)
“Stevia leaf extract” as labeled isn’t permitted in food — only high-purity steviol glycosides (≥95%) are GRAS; whole-leaf stevia is an unapproved additive. · Import Alert 45-06
The whole clearance rests on a self-affirmed-GRAS / supplement memo — the exact pathway the actives can’t use in a beverage. · 21 CFR 170.30 / 170.205

Added caffeine and fortification, outside the lines.

The Focus Shot stacks its own food-additive problems on top of the classification flip.

Added caffeine is GRAS only for cola-type drinks at ≤200 ppm — at ~2,700 ppm in a non-cola shot it’s far outside the listing, an unapproved additive with no established safe level for this use. · 21 CFR 182.1180
200 mg total caffeine per 2.5 oz with no upper-intake basis — an on-pack “don’t exceed one bottle” note isn’t a lawful safe-level basis for a food. · 182.1180 · §402
Fortifying a sweetened snack-type beverage (B6/B12/niacin) runs against FDA’s fortification policy — the “jelly-bean rule.” · 21 CFR 104.20
“Healthy soda” on the front of pack — an implied nutrient-content claim that doesn’t meet the “healthy” criteria. · 21 CFR 101.65(d)

A thermal process no one validated — and a deviation released anyway.

Underneath the legality problem is a food-safety one: the acidified-food question was never asked, and the process was carried over and overridden.

Acidified-food applicability was never evaluated — the non-carbonated shot (eq. pH 3.85) needs a process-authority scheduled process and FCE/SID filing; none exists. · 21 CFR 108.25 / 114
The thermal process was carried over from a prior juice product despite added inulin and botanical solids (higher viscosity, cold-spot risk), with no process-authority validation. · 21 CFR 114.80 / 113
A hold-tube temperature deviation was released without authority — temp fell below target, no divert, “product unaffected,” no batch hold, no process-authority consult. · 21 CFR 114.83 / 114.89
Botanical identity and actives are “per supplier CoA” only — no in-house species ID or withanolide assay; the label declaration is unverified. · 21 CFR 111.75 · §402

Read apart, every record looked like a careful beverage launch — a GRAS memo, a marketing site, a batch record, a spec sheet. Read together, they describe a conventional food wearing a supplement’s panel, whose hero ingredient is an unapproved additive, whose shot is far outside the caffeine listing, made on a thermal process nobody validated and a deviation nobody escalated. The panel said “supplement.” The can, the 12-pack, and the “drink all day” said “food” — and the food rulebook said “adulterated.”

None of it needed a new fact to see. It needed the classification call made first — food or supplement — at the formulation table, before the actives, the panel, and the claims were all built on the wrong answer.

What was at stake

What actually happened

A recall you can’t relabel away

The defect isn’t the panel — it’s the formula. A retailer query or a single FDA look at “Supplement Facts on a soda” triggers a national stop-sale; the stock matches an unlawful formula, so it’s frozen and recalled, not quietly relabeled — while the disease testimonials add a drug-claim and processor-freeze exposure on top.

What catches it first

The classification call, made first

A conventional-beverage-vs-supplement determination, then an ingredient-by-ingredient GRAS/additive analysis and an acidified-food filing — done at the formulation table — means you reformulate or petition before launch, not recall after.

If this is your operation

You don’t need us to find out whether your beverage has the same blind spot. Most of it you can check yourself, this week, with the file you already have.

  1. Is your product a conventional beverage or a dietary supplement — by how it’s represented and sold?— the name, the serving, the “drink all day” decide it, not the panel you chose.
  2. Is each added active GRAS or approved for a food?— or cleared on a supplement / self-affirmed-GRAS basis that doesn’t reach a beverage?
  3. Is your added caffeine within the cola-type GRAS listing?— or far outside it, with no safe level for your use?
  4. Did a process authority set your thermal process and your acidified-food status?— or was it carried over and deviations waved through?

Nothing here is built around this one brand — each door points somewhere bigger, and no one of them is the “right” one. The case is just where they all meet.

A Supplement Facts panel was never the same thing as being a supplement.

A constructed teaching case. Wildroot Beverage Co., Regularity™, Cascade Aseptic Co-Packing, and all lots, people, document numbers, dates, and figures shown are invented — no real company, product, co-packer, or client is depicted. Real regulatory frameworks (FD&C §201(ff)/(g), §409, §402(a)(2)(C), 21 CFR 101.9 / 101.36 / 101.65(d) / 104.20 / 108.25 / 114 / 182.1180, the 2014 liquid-supplement-vs-beverage guidance, FTC Act §5) are named by reference only; no agency seal or mark is reproduced. The regulatory patterns and the analysis applied to them are genuine. Provided for illustration and education — general commentary, not legal advice. Viewing this page forms no attorney-client or consulting relationship.

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